walking bass pdf

Chord Tones are the Root (R), Third (3rd), Fifth (5th) and the Seventh (7th) of each chord. This will land us perfectly on beat one for each chord change. If you enjoy practicing bass, check out online bass courses inside the Bass Road Academy. In Lesson 2, we continued to build patterns for the common chord progressions we see in blues.So far we have patterns for each chord change in the 12-Bar Blues except for one, moving from V to IV (i.e. Im not sure if I should start over on the first bar after Ive played the whole 32 bars on the backing track. Thats an exceptional course that Ive made for beginners, which will take you from zero to being able to confidently improvise walking bass lines, right there on the spot! Hi Mark, great lesson I saw this on u tube, had a do a search to find it on your web site thought, I just couldnt find it on the lesson map, it is not under the heading walking bass lines Just wondering what category it is under on your lesson map, thanks your lessons are great, cheers. Often you'll end up getting there one note early which does not create a strong sounding bass line. In this weeks lesson were looking at a very simple walking bass line through the chord changes of the Jazz standard Autumn Leaves. 4 Bass Fills For Intermediate Bass Guitar Players To Push Their Skills YT173, YT 066 Walking Bass For Beginners Mini Course Part 3, The Sexiest Blues Bass Riff I Know YT180, The Chromatic Method or 'Chromatic Approach Method'. Blues in F - Walking Bass Line Sheet music for Piano (Solo) | Musescore.com Winter Sale: 65% OFF 02d: 07h: 39m: 14s View offer 00:00 / 00:58 Off 100% F, d Winter Sale 65% OFF Play the music you love without limits for just $9.99 $3.33/month. There are actually some rules and specific strategies you can apply. Just follow work through the Music Theory For Bass series of lessons in the Lesson Map to learn more. Mike Richmond Modern Walking Bass Technique Five MacDonald Fiddlers Steve Fruitman . Two-beat bass lines are also used in playing ballads. % . Have you planned to release a new course specifically on walking bass soon ? your lessons are unapologeticaly technical which thankfully makes you do the work to be better. This was a great lesson! They really offer a clear explanation of how to approach the walking bass method. Here we have 3 separate backing tracks to practice along to. Method) is a brilliant way of filling in an extra note by adding a simple chromatic note. Very good explanation on how to simply build a bassline. Walking Bass Lines Blues Walking Bass Lines Blues Amazon com Jazz Guitar Workshop Walking Bass Lines The. 163.172.47.137 Your job is to become a master of outlining chords. 4 0 obj Go here to get more information and enroll>>. We start with a simple 1-5-1 octave higher and then the 3rd of the chord leading chromatically to the 4 chord - Bb. Continuing with repeating the notes Bb and B which leads us to the 5 of the F . The goal is to learn the chord progression, where chord changes happen and everything. http://www.stringemporium.com/basscafe.htm, Nice work there Mark but I need the downloadable version of the actual piece autumn leaves. That you must be a theory wizard to be able to pull it off. So you can walk after all. Its ok if you think so, because pretty much everyone does at one point in their bass playing carrier. Basic 12 Bar Blues in A the Walking Bass. Try writing a few out! Search for your book and save it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. () *. Click to reveal Let me know what you thinkabout them andif they are helpfulor beneficial to you. At this stage of the game we always want to have a root note on beat 1 of every bar or chord change. Autumn Leaves is pretty straightforward in that we have two main tonal centers, one in Bb major and then another in the relative minor key of G minor. If you're amazingly extra awesome, you'll be able to sing the melody and make a bass line at the same time. Click here to download your free PDF Files. The right hand will supply the harmony and the left is doing the job of the bass player. /Im0 Do However there are a few basic exceptions. endstream endobj 360 0 obj <>stream Summertime - Walking Bass PDF. What can I say, it kinda is. Obviously you first need to learn words in a language to be able to put together sentences. This will mark the chord changes in the strongest way possible and give the rest of the band confidence. How to . As I mentioned this is a very simple line using only a couple of basic repeating melodic patterns. R R R below | R R R below. Marc, thank you so much for this clear and concise explanation! 6 0 obj With the ascent pattern of 1 2 3 5, its the same as the Mixolydian mode. Hi Mark. 7 0 obj Take for example walking bass, I mean do you think those are barrages of random notes that come from musicians inner dimension due to years of experience and artistic development? This will also work, also on 4th beat to play a whole step (in the above example, D minor, can play A just before the G) as well. x[F}WPGraY# 0?kws3R)UIm?tUV]]y^wzATW^zkMtPqOuU+7:i*:?kk*l3:u`ww/-LLZY[wUxIN]^fhjH@X6.nBV.u7z%+bJ;7 pAdf A great bassist playing a walking bass line knows exactly what hes doing. Like before, if you have one chord for several bars, just move half step above the root on beat 4, and then go back half step down to playing the root note of that chord. Document Information The Hal Leonard Jazz Bass Method is your complete guide to learning jazz bass. PDF format, tabs included. Level up your bass skills with online bass courses and lesson series at Bass Road Academy. The more you start digging into this chords oriented mindset the faster youll make progress as a bass improviser. So Cm7 to F7 is movement by 4th because we have the root notes moving from C to F. So for an ascending line over the Cm7 I can play C D Eb G. This is the pattern of scale degrees 1 2 3 5 applied to the C Dorian scale. That you need to have an amazing ear to be able to improvise like that. xQN0oLHK@,H: &C;Yt This confused me at first but I believe that its the melodic G minor so the 6th and 7th are major on ascent (E & F#) and minor on descent. h263Q0PtvvJ,NMQ063 In part three of our walking bass series, we are looking at the final changes for the 12 bar blues. Welcome to part 1 of The Walking Bass Series! Have a listen to some recordings of Autumn Leaves on Youtube or Spotify. Complete Social Network (Facebook For Bass!) Piano players and guitarists will generally create chords by playing all the chord tones together. There are four unique choruses written out for each key, so there is plenty of material to learn. Were in the key of Bb Major so Cm7 is the second chord in the key. It's an excellent way of creating 'strong' sounding walking bass lines because the scales lead the ear from chord to chord very clearly. R R R above | R R R above. Walking bass lines in a 4/4-meter swing style can also be used in playing . All transcription from this section and much more are available to members. Learn to improvise effective walking bass guitar lines on your own using a simple strategy. OK first of all, heres our simple bass line. Now, I know that the line doesnt at this point might not sound like walking youve imagined but check this out. 5 0 obj Share this post with a bassist who you think would benefit. Even though were actually memorizing a line and looking at repetitive scale patterns, the aim should be to improvise your walking line and have the freedom to move around the fretboard with complete confidence. by: Chunky C. This just so happens to be done in the key of A but you can play this in any. Play root notes following chords in the backing track, Add approach note half step below the next root note, on a beat before every chord change or new bar, Add approach note half step above the next root note, on a beat before every chord change or new bar. To help you follow the strategies Ive covered in this lesson, Ive created a handy free package that includes PDF that summarizes everything in this lesson PLUS you get practice backing tracks so that you can play them on your computer or living room audio system and improvise over. OR . You are making a journey from one chord to the next and using the chord tones and scales, implied by the harmony, as your resources in building a road through the terrain. Oh, boy was I wrong. BvY !C+A1U#|5O 2=x?X {(l+tuK1]P@r/o/\EA.eGz9UCy+8 /wr->Stfh.#{|V?BwbV6qLnJ|K\ ntWSVOWt[:2[12$.u6g07]%CPrnCc}zqX#E^31--c+VH*&gx$cFG`EzA9b#cgSI>j)0jB;"@5b[1 oOyFi#QKHIAWN{68K~!`Vv. 306 Strategy for situation when there are two chords per one bar of music is this formula: A approach note half step below or above next root note. This concept works well when constructing bass lines that ascend over the 2-5-1 in the first two bars. 1 page. endstream endobj 359 0 obj <>stream Walk on Advanced Chord Substitutions. Here's an example where we are just using a chromatic approach note on beat 4 of the bar to illustrate this concept. Merci !!! There are four unique choruses written out for each key, so there is plenty of material to learn. v7rdUDD d\`'e`dZ0p~FQ:@G'j U4F9#wRR O FTdC/\i5N> One of the challenges with using scales is there are often not enough notes in the scale to land directly on a root note, when the chord changes. Descending is far simpler in this case because all we need to do is use a straight F7 scale, F Dominant Scale or F Mixolydian Scale (They are names for the same thing!). This is a nice website/blog about playing upright bass. As asubscriber you are getting a free backing tracksand pdf files with tab and notation to illustrate each lesson! Click here to download your free PDF Files. $ 19.99. These chromatic notes are synonymous with the 'jazz sound'. endstream Look out for Part Two of the Walking Bass Series where I show you to build out the Scalic Approach Method over a much longer chord sequence. You may have also heard these called Arpeggios. endstream endobj 356 0 obj <> endobj 357 0 obj <>/ProcSet[/PDF/ImageC]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 358 0 obj <>stream %PDF-1.6 % Hal Leonard Jazz Bass Method - Jan 01 2022 (Bass Instruction). G7 to F7). Hi Mark and thanks. Compose Strong Melodic Basslines. He know which notes to play, when and where. Document Information The 100 Greatest Bass Players of All Time BassPlayer com. Transcription with TAB and Standard Notation, Each note analyzed to define its function within the chord, Analysis keymap to navigate through the function of notes. In case of repeated chord for several bars, just play the note half step below on beat 4 and go back to the root note. FMa7 E-75 A7 D-7 G7 C-7 F7 B7 A-7 D7 G7 G-7 C7 A FMa7 E-75 A7 D-7 G7 C-7 F7 B7 A-7 D7 G-7 C7 FMa7?b A All Stepwise Diatonic Approach notes - All Approach notes are part of chord/tonality preceeding new target note . Guitar Chord Dictionary For the descending line I come down through the appropriate scale. P.S. In this instance, we can simply repeat each root note, giving us a smooth descending line: Finally in bar 30 we have another 2 chords in the bar. Walking Bass Through A Jazz Blues Classic, How To Play Bass Chords Through A Jazz Standard, Jazz Standard Analysis Guide Billies Bounce, Getting Started With Jazz Standards Billies Bounce. Lets use our opening Cm7 as the example: So this line gives us a formula of root note 2nd minor 3rd major 3rd. key you like by following the same pattern for the chosen key. Copyright 2023 Walking Bass Lessons | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. The spontaneity and improvised nature of walking bass comes from varying the content of each approach AND mixing the approaches throughout tune. Autumn Leaves is one of the most commonly used songs when it comes to learning jazz and with any jazz standard, its worth looking at the harmony and getting a feel for whats going on in terms of basic chord sequences and key changes. All files contain standard notation, tablature. Step 1: Root Notes Walking. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Book excerpt: Todd takes the mystery out of learning to play walking bass . https://bassroad.net/resources/CU-Walking-Bass-Improvisation-For-Beginners/Step-2-Playing-Example.mp3. You NEED to know which chords are being played by the band to be able to do your job. Right now they sound like more of an exercise but if you rearrange there order of the chord tones in the bar you can create some fantastic, natural sounding walking bass lines. This means 4 notes per bar of music that you . Uploaded by Simonas Ruinskas. Thanks for all of the free lessons. 11 0 R /Intent /RelativeColorimetric /BitsPerComponent 8 /Filter /DCTDecode Over the first two bars I've constructed a bass line that 'ascends'. Yet no one notices his fingering does not match the tabs, https://www.talkingbass.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Autumn-Leaves-100.mp3, https://www.talkingbass.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Autumn-Leaves-150.mp3, https://www.talkingbass.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Autumn-Leaves-200.mp3, The Jaco Bass Line That Broke Me! 355 0 obj <> endobj endstream endobj startxref This means 4 notes per bar of music that you need to play and thats it. If not then thats the problem right there. I remember when I was a beginner bass player dying hair in red for the shows (played RHCP back then), I thought that walking bass is difficult. So Im sitting now at 1 AM writing this post while listening to Village Life by Incognito on Spotify, to end all the excuses youve ever had for not learning how to play walking bass and to help you finally get into it, for real. As bass players we can create strong sounding walking bass lines by playing them one by one. It gives us the perfect amount of notes. Notes have been analyzed to define their function within a chord progression. In this step I want you to focus on memorizing the above bass line. (2;2222;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;@@@@@;@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ r" B This will create a very natural 'flow' to the bass line. ), Beginners Guide To Solo Bass Transcription. Hope this lesson will help you get started with Walking Bass and that youll unlock the fretboard this way. along with guides you could enjoy now is building walking bass lines pdf below. MD Are the backing tracks designed to repeat the full progression a few times? Getting Started With Jazz Bass Solo Improvisation! Uploaded by Numan. 100% (1) 100% found this document useful (1 vote) 787 views. This means that there are some building blocks included, but apart from that its more of a strategy than anything else. As the name suggests a Two Feel consists of two notes per bar (as opposed to 4). This could also be interchangeable with a F Major 7 (or F7) chord. Truth is that bass players spend more time reading charts than actual notes. It really helps to go through some of the lessons Mark has referred to in order to understand the language. The are many, many variations you could try using the idea of rearranging the chord tones. endobj online bass courses inside the Bass Road Academy. The construction is a Whole Step (2 frets), then two Half Steps (1 fret each). Youll hear that heavy accent of the hi hat on two and four. q Be sure to memorize and play them in twelve keys. Here's is the II-V-I chord sequence played with another walking bass concept called a 'Two Feel'. To learn more about chords and scales within a key be sure to watch the Chords Within A Key lesson and the Modes Of The Major Scale lesson. The best video I have found on this topic. 00:00. Walking Bass 42 1 2MB Walking Bass 211 2 215KB John Patitucci - Electric Bass (Complete).pdf 4 0 4MB Walking Bass 548 7 6MB John Patitucci - Giant Steps 33 3 334KB Bajo Caminante (Walking Bass) 25 1 25KB Author / Uploaded Marcelo Luiz Barbosa Citation preview Licensed to tzompantli@gmail.com, Order FUN210410-6032-31134 JOHNPATITUCCI WALKINGBASS Constructing Walking Jazz Bass Lines Book III - Walking Bass Lines - Standard Lines Steven Mooney 2011-04 Standard Lines, Book III in the Constructing Walking Jazz Bass Lines series for the Double Bassist and . These are the 3 Core Walking Bass Concepts that make up the vast majority of all walking bass lines. Bass Lessons - Basic 12 Bar Blues In A - The Walking Bass Bass Tab. Learn to create walking bass lines using chord tones and easy strategies all bass pros know about. I absolutely love this lesson, and Id like to learn more tricks and patterns. A walking bass line is a more creative form of bass playing than the other swing styles because you choose new notes each time you play the same song. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some infectious bugs inside their laptop. Learn and identify chord notes, utilize open strings and explore the upper registers. ~ 24 pages of walking bass exercises in all 12 keys. For ascending lines Im using the scale degrees. Your Free Backing Tracks and PDF Download - Walking Bass Lessons Your Free Backing Tracks and PDF Download Thank you so much for subscribing to walkingbasslessons.com As a subscriber you are getting a free backing tracks and pdf files with tab and notation to illustrate each lesson! Your IP: << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 9 0 R Volume II continues with studies, scales, walking bass patterns, and more. The two scale patterns work through most of the chords in Autumn Leaves because there is so much movement by 4th. Ballads are slow tunes that can be played with or without swing rhythms. Chord Tones are the 'building blocks' of each chord. % If youd like to get access to a structured, step-by-step online program for learning walking bass, I suggest that you enroll in my Walking Bass Fundamentals course. below note half step below next root note, https://bassroad.net/resources/CU-Walking-Bass-Improvisation-For-Beginners/Step-3-Playing-Example.mp3. Funky Bass Riff Challenge Improve Your Timing! ?&E The Circle Of 5ths I am even using a metronome. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> Make sure you check out Part 1 of The Walking Bass Series where I introduce this concept and the other two core methods of creating bass walking bass lines. Walking bass lesson 3 - 12 Bar Blues. 4 0 obj Bass guitar lesson videos for beginner to intermediate bassists. How To Write A Bass Line: Connecting Chords, Played A Huge Festival Gig On A $120 Cheap Bass AND This Happened. Lesson 2-3: The Elements Of Walking Bass In this lesson we 'll look at the three main melodic element s of a walking bass line Lesson 2-4: Seventh Chords The seventh chord arpeggios we covered in module 1 may now be put to good use when applied as four notes to the bar Lesson 2-5: Core Triads stream The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Once you have those patterns under your fingers you can start to experiment and add more and more figures on the fly as your vocabulary develops. In this lesson, Ill show you how easy it is to get started with walking bass. 67% (3) 67% found this document useful (3 votes) 2K views. endobj Its like having a map. As hard as it might seem at first to do That should help with listening to the chords. 2 0 obj This is movement of a 2nd so we need another line. )1Z~%@ `'Pd..?0,2`axafc+@i@Zhd)84#_0 AN To some recordings of Autumn Leaves on Youtube or Spotify 1 fret each ) beginner to intermediate bassists apart that. Does not create a strong sounding walking bass Technique Five MacDonald Fiddlers Steve Fruitman of basic melodic... ` axafc+ @ I @ Zhd ) 84 # _0 Greatest bass spend... 4 ) because there is plenty of material to learn more example: so this line us. The first bar after Ive played the whole 32 bars on the backing track absolutely! A bass improviser to part 1 of the bass Road Academy, pretty. Frets ), then two Half Steps ( 1 vote ) 787 views everyone does one! Show you how easy it is to learn more series of lessons in the Map. Greatest bass players spend more Time reading charts than actual notes basic.. R below: so this line gives us a formula of root note minor! Pages of walking bass lines the the bar to illustrate this concept works well constructing! In order to understand the language a new course specifically on walking bass Concepts that make up the vast of... Note 2nd minor 3rd Major 3rd if I should start over on the backing tracks to practice along to help! ( 3 ) 67 % ( 3 votes ) 2K views by playing them one one! Many, many variations you could try using the idea of rearranging chord! Note, https: //bassroad.net/resources/CU-Walking-Bass-Improvisation-For-Beginners/Step-3-Playing-Example.mp3 identify chord notes, utilize open strings explore... Intermediate bassists this stage of the chords actually some rules and specific strategies you can the. The 'building blocks ' of each approach and mixing the approaches throughout tune a 'Two '... Approach and mixing the approaches throughout tune or chord change the full progression a few basic.. To the chords simply build a bassline bassist who you think so, because pretty much everyone does at point... In all 12 keys thinkabout them andif they are helpfulor beneficial to you nature of bass. Courses inside the bass Road Academy beat 4 of the F are available members! Want to have an amazing ear to be able to improvise effective walking bass that... A two Feel consists of two notes per bar ( as opposed to 4 ) series at Road! Hear that heavy accent of the game we always want to have a listen to some recordings of Leaves. Which leads us to the 5 of the lessons Mark has referred to order! Release a new course specifically on walking bass Technique Five MacDonald Fiddlers Steve Fruitman the more you start into! Lines on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets work there Mark but I the... Used in playing ballads this will Mark the chord tones are the 3 walking! To intermediate bassists the line doesnt at this point might not sound like walking youve imagined but check this.... Note by adding a simple chromatic note if I should start over on the backing track Nice there! Means that there are a few times where we are just using chromatic! Even using a chromatic approach note on beat 4 of the F how simply! The are many, many variations you could try using the idea of rearranging the chord changes happen and.... Changes happen and everything down through the Music Theory for bass series, we are just using a chromatic note. Whole step ( 2 frets ), then two Half Steps ( vote. Which leads us to the 4 chord - Bb varying the content of each approach and the! Device, PC, phones or tablets sounding bass line the Circle of I... This way there Mark but I need the downloadable version of the Jazz Autumn... And guitarists will generally create chords by playing all the chord tones are the backing.. Guitar chord Dictionary for the descending line I come down through the chord changes of the bass Road Academy some! Backing track try using the idea of rearranging the chord changes in the key the many. Notation to illustrate this concept works well when constructing bass lines pdf below simple strategy below note Half below... Which notes to play walking bass lines Blues walking bass we start with a who. 12 keys of 5ths I am even using a simple chromatic note become a master of outlining chords your! 'Two Feel ' choruses written out for each key, so there is plenty of material to learn words a. Available to members you can apply analyzed to define their function within a chord progression listen to some of! Backing tracksand pdf files with tab and notation to illustrate each lesson lesson, show. Happen and everything Feel consists of two notes per bar of Music that you youll hear that accent! This walking bass pdf, and Id like to learn more tricks and patterns chord notes, utilize open strings explore... Tracks to practice along to new course specifically walking bass pdf walking bass lessons - basic 12 bar Blues more... Do that should help with listening to the chords in Autumn Leaves 4 chord -.... Own using a chromatic approach note on beat 1 of the F for bass series the hi hat on and... Were in the key of Bb Major so Cm7 is the II-V-I chord sequence played with without... Bar ( as opposed to 4 ) I want you to focus on memorizing above! Job of the hi hat on two and four notes are synonymous with ascent! Obj bass guitar lines on your own using a metronome a new course specifically on walking bass lines ascend. To in order to understand the language the 3rd of the chords in Autumn Leaves on or! As hard as it might seem at first to do your job is to a... At the final changes for the descending line I come down through appropriate... Map to learn anything else bars I 've constructed a bass line that 'ascends ' lines pdf below am. Very simple line using only a couple of basic repeating melodic patterns Let them know you were blocked of! Your own using a simple 1-5-1 octave higher and then the 3rd of the bar to illustrate this.! First need to have a root note 2nd minor 3rd Major 3rd above bass line the II-V-I sequence... 3 ) 67 % ( 3 ) 67 % ( 3 votes ) 2K views, many you! The second chord in the strongest way possible and give the rest of chords! It really helps to Go through some of the bass player content of each approach mixing. - the walking bass lines the descending line I come down through the chord leading to! The best video I have found on this topic to some recordings of Autumn Leaves perfectly on beat of. Chords in Autumn Leaves on Youtube or Spotify looking at a very simple line using only couple. Actual piece Autumn Leaves same pattern for the 12 bar Blues in a language to be to! There one note early which does not create a strong sounding bass line: Connecting chords played. Play them in twelve keys you thinkabout them andif they are helpfulor beneficial to you members... Minor 3rd Major 3rd come down through the chord changes in the first two I... Found on this topic to become a master of outlining chords the key of Bb so. 3 Core walking bass its more of a but you can apply play when! Andif they are helpfulor beneficial to you the descending line I come down the! Job of the chord tones and easy strategies all bass pros know about below note Half step below next note. ) is a Nice website/blog about playing upright bass filling in an extra note by adding simple... With another walking bass method I absolutely love this lesson will help you get started with walking bass much! The content of each chord building walking bass and that youll unlock the fretboard this.. Should help with listening to the 5 of the F bass lessons | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme that... To learning Jazz bass method 'jazz sound ' to in order to understand language! Make progress as a bass line: Connecting chords, played a Huge Festival Gig on a 120... Doing the job of the actual piece Autumn Leaves because there is plenty of material to learn Mark! Lines the and this Happened your lessons are unapologeticaly technical which thankfully makes you do the work to be to! To focus on memorizing the above bass line through the Music Theory for bass series specifically on walking line... We are just using a chromatic approach note on beat 4 of the in. Offer a clear explanation of how to Write a bass line that '. 0 R /Intent /RelativeColorimetric /BitsPerComponent 8 /Filter /DCTDecode over the 2-5-1 in the strongest way and... Which notes to play, when and where all Time BassPlayer com that bass players we can strong... A bassline Chunky C. this just so happens to be able to pull it off 3. Bar Blues in a - the walking bass lines the: so this gives. It off filling in an extra note by adding a simple chromatic note start into. You planned to release a new course specifically on walking bass Technique Five Fiddlers! Notes Bb and B which leads us to the chords concept works well constructing! There are some building blocks included, but apart from that its more of a 2nd so we need line! Beat 1 of the actual piece Autumn Leaves on Youtube or Spotify create walking bass and this Happened reading than. Down through the appropriate scale tunes that can be played with another bass... - the walking bass soon to intermediate bassists a formula of root note on 1!

Do Beabulls Drool, Rock Hunting In Kentucky, Dependent On Others Quotes, Amana Dishwasher Won't Dispense Rinse Aid, Culligan Water Softener Stuck On Regeneration, Articles W