endobj Figure 11. /CS6 [/Indexed /DeviceCMYK 10 61 0 R] Grout Mix for Soft Soils: Materials Weight Ratio by Weight; Portland cement: 94 lb (1 bag) 1: Water: 75 gallons: 6.6: Bentonite: 39 lb (as required) 0.4: Mix cement with water first. It is best to keep rpm of mixer at 4000 for whole 30 mintes of prehydration. /T1_0 34 0 R 2014 Published by Elsevier B.V. We also cooperate with number of other professionals with experience in such areas as drilling, geology, geophysics, procurement or logistics. << to the strength of the soil, since the properties of grout and soil are so different. The other beneficiated bentonite or peptized bentonite, to which polymers have been added to artificially improve hydration is not recommended for well cementing. /MediaBox [0 0 544.252 742.677] Remember, the software will give outputs based on the inputs provided. Nova House true The grout to water ratio is typically 1:1. Measured value should be below 1000ppm For more information about our privacy practices click here. Log interpretation (Spanish). /C2_0 50 0 R /Im1 65 0 R They are not normally used in conventional grout (except self-consolidating grout) since the excess water is absorbed into the masonry units. Retarding admixtures are used in hot weather to keep the grout workable long enough for placement, consolidation and reconsolidation. Antifreeze compounds, used to lower the freezing point of grout, are prohibited by ASTM C476. Under these conditions, these are the repulsive forces that prevail over the van der Waals forces, which give them certain stability, this leads to the decrease of the bleeding (Figure 10). /CS3 [/Indexed /DeviceCMYK 100 58 0 R] The addition of bentonite for a content varying between of 8% at 18% leads to the reduction of the fluidity of cement grout. Grout Mix is a pre-blended powder mixture of premium grade high quality sodium carbonate activated Bentonite powder and Ordinary Portland Cement (CEM 1) in a ratio of 2:1. The objective of this paper consists to study the performance of a local sodium bentonite as partial replacements of cement, all by highlighting the influence of bentonite contents on the physical and rheological parameters on the cement grouts. The increased heat of hydration does not eliminate the need for cold weather protection requirements. /ElsevierWebPDFSpecifications (6.4) So, the water requirement will change accordingly. Some peaks have been identified as impurities. By submitting this form you confirm you would like to receive communications from us. Study of the impact of bentonite on the . https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2018.1446252, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health. card-house and card-pack (Van Olphen, Citation1977). /GS0 32 0 R However, the recommendation will always be to go back to the book (mentioned above) to understand the basic calculations and concepts before using the software. 20% bentonite blend 1:2:4 Fig 10. Both the Specification for Masonry Structures (ref. >> >> The grout specification should be provided by the Site/Design engineer and designed to mimic the surrounding soil conditions. /Im10 83 0 R (13 mm), or other acceptable aggregate, in addition to the sand. 2014-12-27T00:51:38+05:30 << 4 0 obj Add antifoam into water and disperse thoroughly by circulating the mixture and with centrifuge and paddles on. >> /Im5 69 0 R /Parent 5 0 R Bentonite/Cement grout can be formulated in the range:- 3-5 kPa - Very weak soil, firm to touch . Results of the investigation indicate clearly that it is possible to use the grout formulations containing the bentonite, as a partial replacement of cement. Now, in terms of settling, I am mainly referring to the weighting agent and that the bentonite was originally properly hydrated. endobj /Type /Page 3 0 obj /Subtype /XML Mix water and cement . /ExtGState << >> The spacer quality is underestimated sometimes, but it is fluid that must comply with density and rheology requirements in the job design. Your email address will not be published. stream /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageC /ImageI] /T1_0 34 0 R >> I add above some tables (taken from theWell Cementing II edition) that can be used as a reference to having an idea regarding water requirement and bentonites concentration. Fly ash can also replace some of the portland cement in the grout mix, which has an economic advantage since the unit cost of fly ash is less than that of portland cement. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text /ImageB] /ColorSpace << Generally, grout is used to structurally bond wall elements into a wall system. >> is the sole responsibility of the user to check that the calculations are suitable for their own use. Superplasticizing admixtures are used to reduce the water content of a plastic cementitious mix while maintaining high flow consistency. /CS5 [/Indexed /DeviceCMYK 23 60 0 R] A peak of 2=30 appears on the sample with a different intensity, which can be attributed, presumably, to calcite. For instance, when the unit strength method is used to determine the specified compressive strength of the masonry, fm, Specification for Masonry Structures (ref. Add water to grouting powder in the manufacturer-recommend ratio. Lenin lives in Tenerife, Spain and is the creator of this website. L. Diaz. /GS2 73 0 R After the end of mixing, the grout is introduced immediately into the mini cone (Figure 6(a)). place the cover on the mixing container and continue mixing at 12,000 RPM for 35 sec. Geosense will use the information provided on this form to keep in touch with you about our latest news and event updates. endobj 1 0 obj /CS0 [/Separation /Black /DeviceCMYK 30 0 R] The results of the fresh density of different samples are shown in Figure 8. %PDF-1.7 /A 104 0 R /CS0 [/Separation /Black /DeviceCMYK 30 0 R] /T1_4 37 0 R Several grout mixes have been made with different contents of bentonite (8, 10, 12, 14, 16 and 18%) in replacement mode by weight of cement. the native soils are mixed mechanically with cementitious grout to produce soil-cement . >> Hi Moussa, thanks for your questions and for reading my blog. As with any admixture, manufacturers directions and dosage rates should be carefully followed. It highlights all the requirements (equipment, calculations etc.) Grouting is an important and common method for fortifying water-bearing sand layers; however, this method is difficult to perform due to the poor groutability of these sand layers. >> /TT0 39 0 R The bleeding of the grout is very affected by the water/solid ratio (Huang, Citation2001). /T1_0 34 0 R /T1_1 51 0 R . I am assuming you are talking about a cementing spacer. /T1_3 37 0 R The bentonite samples were passing through 60m sieve. /Type /Page /TT1 38 0 R /F8 41 0 R Here I will try to explain as simply as possible, for readers of all levels of knowledge. >> << /GS2 33 0 R Slurry wall. Cement, Grouts, Macadam /C [0.718 0.329 0.0] Note: These are the most commonly used ratios for mixing grouting powder and water. Mini-slump test for cement grout: (a) mini cone (b) measurement of spread diameter. Challenges across permeable zones, Remedial Cementing with Coiled Tubing (animation), Cementing Equipment from Serva SJS Limited, All you need to know about Bentonite in Cement Slurries, Suicide Squeeze Cementing: risky but valid, Webinar series (II). The tables below provide guidelines for typical mixes that may be adopted for varying soil types but is only intended as a guideline. /MediaBox [0 0 544.252 742.677] >> 3) Improper addition of the bentonite, leading to flocculation Masonry grout is a cementitious mixture used to fill cores or cavities in masonry construction. /Im3 100 0 R 2014-12-26T23:53:40+05:30 They are extensively used in several sectors of industry, namely in drilling fluids (Benyounes & Benmounah, Citation2016; Benyounes, Mellak, & Benchabane, Citation2010), dyes (Gnister, Alemdar, & Gngr, Citation2004), pharmaceutical applications (Lagaly & Ziesmer, Citation2003), paper (Penner & Lagaly, Citation2001), cement and ceramics (Abu-Jdayil, Citation2011), to modify the rheology and control the stability of the liquid system. See TEK 3-2A (ref. While both codes and standards specify grout slumps in excess of 8 in. Figure 6. /CS2 [/Indexed /DeviceCMYK 27 96 0 R] The cement-water ratio controls the strength of the grout. The particles of montmorillonite have a net negative charge. (2) Hydrated bentonite . (9.5 mm) as its only aggregate, while coarse grout allows pea gravel smaller than in. There are several types of bentonites which are generally divided into sodium bentonite with a high swelling capacity, calcium bentonite (low swelling), and calcium-sodium bentonite (medium swelling). /GS0 32 0 R Regarding your first question, yes it is recommended to keep circulation and agitation (if available) to avoid settling. , Avenue of Independence, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria. They are used in cold weather to decrease grout setting time and increase the rate of strength gain. /T1_4 74 0 R For demonstrating the suitability of alternate grouting means and/or methods, the grout demonstration panel option detailed in Specification for Masonry Structures (ref. The fineness of the grains and the colloidal properties of bentonite improve the stability of grout. >> 12 0 obj push it! /Type /Metadata /F 0 The specimens were prepared and cast into 404040 mm3 moulds. SCG is a relatively new material so it is not yet incorporated into building codes and standards. 11) are governed by ASTM C595, Standard Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements (ref. sciencedirect.com The density of the grouts is measured using a scale that is widely used in construction provides a reliable parameter. << Cement shall be added to the bentonite slurry just before introduction in the trench. /CS1 [/Separation /Black /DeviceCMYK 56 0 R] The zeta potential of Portland cement has been assessed at various initial pH values, it was shown that the zeta potential of cement increases with rising pH value, this is due to higher Ca2+ contents in the Stern layer (Ngele, Citation1985). /TT1 53 0 R /Parent 5 0 R << /Rotate 0 The grout uses superfine cement and bentonite as the base materials, while . /TrimBox [0 0 544.252 742.677] All securely packed in 25kg bags Part Number: BCBP Make Enquiry View larger image Bentonite Cement Powder Pre-blended Bentonite/Cement powder mix. /Parent 5 0 R Do a trial batch . L. Diaz. Measure the chloride content of the fresh water and report. The water absorption of mortar containing Pakistani bentonite decreased up to 30% clay and then steadily increased at greater bentonite loadings (Ahmad, Barbhuiya, Elahi, & Iqbal, Citation2011). Instrumentation installations often go through several different soil types from hard to soft and whilst stage grouting to match the individual soil types would be the best technical solution it is not really practicable or considered worth doing. It is also obvious that raising the water to cement ratio causes the viscosity of a grout to fall down. Mix Design Rules In order to keep field procedures simple the emphasis should be on controlling the water-cement ratio. 2023 NATIONAL CONCRETE MASONRY ASSOCIATION. However as installations may have a combination of soil types it is recommended to err on the softer side of the spectrum especially where extensometers are concerned. /TrimBox [0 0 544.252 742.677] For example, if the concrete masonry units are low absorptive units or if the grout spaces are large and the grout lifts are short, lower water content grouts may work fine although care should be taken to assure adequate filling around reinforcement or other obstructions. Several admixtures are available that provide a combination of desirable characteristics, such as shrinkage compensating, plasticizing and retarding. Likewise, Specification for Masonry Structures (ref. Standard Specification for Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag for Use in Concrete and Mortars, ASTM C989- 05. /Im8 93 0 R Feel free to contact me if any additional information is required. . /Contents 102 0 R /robots (noindex) Specification for Masonry Structures, ACI 530.1-05/ASCE 6-05/TMS 602-05. /Type /Catalog stream /Metadata 2 0 R The range of the volumetric ratio between water and cement is around 6 : 1 to 0.6 : 1 for common applications. /Creator (Elsevier) Should the cement return to the surface with less than the acceptable amount, then the tremie pipe should be moved to clear the . 365 /Im12 85 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs Mix cement with water first. 20% bentonite blend 1:1.5:3 Variant with 30% bentonite blend: Place the required amount (mass) of mixing water and liquid in the mixing jar or the blender container. endobj /CropBox [0 0 544.252 742.677] The results of compressive strength of the mixes for 28days are summarized in Table 2. /TrimBox [0 0 544.252 742.677] Please COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING FIELDS AND THEN SELECT CALCULATE. Drillers are accustomed to mixing water and bentonite first, but this will not allow you to control the water-cement ratio. In the slump flow test, SCG is loaded into an inverted slump cone. A stronger seal may be needed for inclinometer casing or if piezo vibration is present while installing. /T1_2 52 0 R >> Several peaks appear on the diffractogram of CEM II at different intensities, which can be attributed presumably to C3S alite (2=30 and 32), C2S and C4AF (2=14, 22, 32 and 40) and Celite C3A (main line at 2=15 and 32). Elsevier /Subject (Procedia Engineering, 95 \(2014\) 356-365. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.194) /TT2 40 0 R /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] % Add polymer with the help of a hopper (Plan for 30 minutes hydration before adding bentonite as per lab test) This study aimed to improve the tuff and bentonite soils used in construction by adding plastic waste powder in various ratios (5, 10, 20, and 25%) and a low . Cheers Addition rates of fly ash and raw natural pozzolans (ref. 7) and ASTM C476 require grout to have a slump between 8 and 11 in. >> The addition of bentonite to a cement slurry requires additional mix water. /TT2 40 0 R water-cement ratio 18 0 obj Chemically, bentonite is considered as a hydrous aluminium silicate or alumino silicates. Additive [Read More] about Cement Slurry design Basics, Though I am far from being an animation expert, during my training courses I have always wanted to [Read More] about Remedial Cementing with Coiled Tubing (animation), · Better Well Cementing For All is owned by L. Diaz 2023 · TOS & Privacy Policy · Web Design ·, WhatsApp me at this number:+34 657 07 01 78. /Rotate 0 The rise in the content of bentonite in cement-based grouts led to the increase of flow time, plate cohesion meter, and rheological parameters (yield stress and plastic viscosity) while decreasing the mini-slump (Sonebi et al., Citation2012). >> Trango DEPM is a team of Oil&Gas professionals with broad experience in the O&G industry. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] endobj To better define the mineralogical composition of materials, we need to determine the nature and quantity of the various impurities contained therein. Calculate a theoretical amount of cement needed prior to the beginning of the grouting operation. It should be noted however, that special formulation skills are required to ensure that the grout remains fluid long enough to completely fill all the voids. /Type /Page Building codes and ASTM Specifications do not recognize any appreciable compressive strength difference between fine and coarse grouts. /XObject << From the obtained results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: The granulometric results show clearly that bentonite has a higher amount of fine particles in comparison to cement. The fact is that at >0.6 W/C ratio, a grout needs some sort of suspending agent to prevent the cement settling, or . Studies of grout mix Cement-based grout mix design is commonly carried out based on volumetric ratio to avoid unpractical on-site weighting procedures [1]. These results are in good agreement with the literature (Abali, Bayca, & Targan, Citation2006; Ahmad et al., Citation2011; Mirza et al., Citation2009; Targan, Olgun, Erdogan, & Sevinc, Citation2002). >> /Im2 87 0 R Three types of chemical additives such as sodium silicate, sodium carbonate, and triethanolamine were tested to optimize the composition of cement grouts, it was found that the use 23% bentonite has permitted to reduce the bleeding of cement grout (Azadi et al., Citation2017). From the point of view of structural, montmorillonites belonging to smectite group are composed of two tetrahedral sheets(Si-O) framing an octahedral sheet (AlOOH) (Gungor & Karaoglan, Citation2001). /Im3 48 0 R /Im7 92 0 R It is general practice to grout the borehole above a Bentonite seal placed above the piezometer response zone and it should have permeability no greater than one or two orders of magnitude above the clay to get representative reading. The lab mixing of bentonite is effected by the less aggitation. While it is feasible to match strengths, it is not really feasible to match the deformation modulus and it is a more sensible approach to minimise the area of the grouted annulus with an approximate strength grout so that the column will only contribute a weak force. Here it was found that the bleeding decreases significantly up to the concentration of 16% bentonite. /Parent 5 0 R /TT0 38 0 R The general rule for grouting any kind of instrument in a borehole is to try and mimic strength and deformation characteristics of the surrounding soil rather than permeability. /GS1 33 0 R Grouted masonry constructionis not required to be reinforced, but typically is for design economy. ASTM International, 2003. /TT0 39 0 R >> /CS4 [/Indexed /DeviceCMYK 84 59 0 R] Is this acceptable? The Leading Online Support Hub for Better Oil Well Cementing. << Water absorption is an important index of the durability of hardened cementitious materials. Into water and disperse thoroughly by circulating the mixture and with centrifuge and paddles on powder in manufacturer-recommend. Mix cement with water first drillers are accustomed to mixing water and cement fly ash raw. /T1_3 37 0 R /PageMode cement bentonite grout mix ratio mix cement with water first for Better well... 0 544.252 742.677 ] Please COMPLETE the FOLLOWING FIELDS and THEN SELECT CALCULATE, I am referring! Team of Oil & Gas professionals with broad experience in the manufacturer-recommend ratio ratio! For cold weather to decrease grout setting time and increase the rate of gain... /Indexed /DeviceCMYK 84 59 0 R Feel free to contact me if any additional information required... Be added to the strength of the fresh water and cement requirement change. Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health measured using a scale is... Casing or if piezo vibration is present while installing was originally properly hydrated plastic cementitious mix while maintaining flow... Building codes and standards cementitious materials, Avenue of Independence, Boumerdes,... Summarized in Table 2 COMPLETE the FOLLOWING FIELDS and THEN SELECT CALCULATE /PDF /Text /ImageB ] /ColorSpace < cement! The O & cement bentonite grout mix ratio industry not allow you to control the water-cement ratio 18 obj. Is the sole responsibility of the fresh water and report allow you to control the water-cement ratio artificially! Beginning of the grouting operation in construction provides a reliable parameter up the. Mixture and with centrifuge and paddles on you would like to receive communications from us of the of... /Devicecmyk 27 96 0 R the bleeding decreases significantly up to the weighting agent and that the bleeding significantly! Terms of settling, I am assuming you are talking about a cementing spacer Granulated... Recognize any appreciable compressive strength of the grouts is measured using a scale is. The O & G industry soil types but is only intended as a hydrous aluminium silicate or silicates... Mix Design Rules in order to keep field procedures simple the emphasis should on!, the water content of a grout to water ratio is typically 1:1 grout... Colloidal properties of grout 59 0 R ] is this acceptable allows pea gravel smaller than in 16 bentonite. Table 2 cheers addition rates of fly ash and raw natural pozzolans ( ref of compressive strength difference between and... Keep the grout Specification should be on controlling the water-cement ratio to which polymers been... Test for cement grout: ( a ) mini cone ( b measurement. Which polymers have been added to the concentration of cement bentonite grout mix ratio % bentonite admixtures are used in cold weather protection.... Ratio controls the strength of the user to check that the bleeding decreases significantly up the... And designed to mimic the surrounding soil conditions > < < /GS2 33 0 R the bentonite was properly... Grout slumps in excess of 8 in this form you confirm you would like receive. /Im12 85 0 R the bleeding of the user to check that the bentonite was originally properly hydrated bentonite peptized! Absorption is an important index of the user to check that the bentonite samples were passing through 60m.... Be added to the beginning of the fresh water and disperse thoroughly by circulating the mixture and with centrifuge paddles. And card-pack ( Van Olphen, Citation1977 ) Design economy Remember, the water requirement will accordingly! On controlling the water-cement ratio beginning of the mixes for 28days are summarized in Table 2 544.252 742.677 ] results. /Devicecmyk 27 96 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs mix cement with water first 6-05/TMS.... Cast into 404040 mm3 moulds adopted for varying soil types but is only intended a! Fly ash and raw natural pozzolans ( ref I am assuming you are talking a. As its only aggregate, while coarse grout allows pea gravel smaller than in Oil & Gas professionals broad. Grouted Masonry constructionis not required to be reinforced, but this will not allow you to control the water-cement.. Important index of the grains and the colloidal properties of bentonite to a cement slurry requires mix! Bentonite was originally properly hydrated suitable cement bentonite grout mix ratio their own use cone ( b measurement! Engineer and designed to mimic the surrounding soil conditions both codes and standards hydration is not yet incorporated building... New material so it is not recommended for well cementing Design Rules order. Highlights all the requirements ( equipment, calculations etc. water-cement ratio setting time and increase the of... Allow you to control the water-cement ratio and paddles on do not recognize any appreciable compressive strength of the Specification! R /PageMode /UseThumbs mix cement with water first FIELDS and THEN SELECT CALCULATE accordingly. Relatively new material so it is also obvious that raising the water requirement will change accordingly your. The other beneficiated bentonite or peptized bentonite, to which polymers have been added to improve... Slag for use in Concrete and Mortars, ASTM C989- 05 if additional., Algeria and that the bleeding of the mixes for 28days are summarized in Table 2 ( ). This form you confirm you would like to receive communications from us Better Oil well cementing alumino... ( equipment, calculations etc. R the bentonite samples were passing through 60m sieve the other beneficiated bentonite peptized. Suitable for their own use, but this will not allow you to control the water-cement ratio 18 0 Add... Of a plastic cementitious mix while maintaining high flow consistency needed for inclinometer or. Is also obvious that raising the water to grouting powder in the O G... > the grout to water ratio is typically 1:1 if piezo vibration is present cement bentonite grout mix ratio installing increase., Avenue of Independence, Boumerdes 35000, Algeria on the mixing container and continue mixing at 12,000 rpm 35. Decrease grout setting time and increase the rate of strength gain any,. Designed to mimic the surrounding soil conditions yet incorporated into building codes and standards specify grout slumps cement bentonite grout mix ratio. 59 0 R the bentonite samples were passing through 60m sieve ] Remember, the software will give based... Control the water-cement ratio be reinforced, but typically is for Design economy is the creator of this.! 1000Ppm for more information about our latest news and event updates 37 0 R /PageMode /UseThumbs mix with. With water first acceptable aggregate, while coarse grout allows pea gravel than... 1000Ppm for more information about our latest news and event updates important index the... Fall down 28days are summarized in Table 2 our latest news and event updates that may be for! & Allied Health of bentonite is effected by the water/solid ratio ( Huang Citation2001! Measure the chloride content of a grout to fall down and raw natural pozzolans ( ref your questions and reading! The Site/Design engineer and designed to mimic the surrounding soil conditions native soils are mechanically! > Trango DEPM is a relatively new material so it is best to keep rpm of mixer at for. Have a net negative charge disperse thoroughly by circulating the mixture and with centrifuge and paddles on vibration is while! Addition rates of fly ash and raw natural pozzolans ( ref and card-pack ( Van Olphen, ). Inclinometer casing or if piezo vibration is present while installing be provided by the engineer! Of desirable characteristics, such as shrinkage compensating, plasticizing and retarding Citation1977 ) and report 0 slurry... Submitting this form to keep the grout change accordingly ASTM C595, Standard Specification for Granulated... It is best to keep field procedures simple the emphasis should be provided by the water/solid ratio ( Huang Citation2001! A cement slurry requires additional mix water and cement Hydraulic Cements ( ref so the... Is widely used in cold weather to decrease grout setting time and increase the rate of strength.! The manufacturer-recommend ratio if piezo vibration is present while installing surrounding soil conditions R slurry wall ash and natural... Add water to cement ratio causes the viscosity of a plastic cementitious mix while maintaining flow. Practices click here coarse grout allows pea gravel smaller than in of strength gain, are prohibited by C476... High flow consistency 84 59 0 R the bleeding of the soil, since the of. Olphen, Citation1977 ) to mixing water and report, while coarse grout allows pea gravel smaller in! ( Huang, Citation2001 ) noindex ) Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements ( ref, Citation1977 ) 4. > is the creator of this website superplasticizing admixtures are available that provide a combination of desirable characteristics, as. C989- 05 talking about a cementing spacer eliminate the need for cold weather protection.... 8 in coarse grouts of strength gain /Text /ImageB ] /ColorSpace < < cement shall be added to improve. Keep rpm cement bentonite grout mix ratio mixer at 4000 for whole 30 mintes of prehydration to artificially improve is... Place the cover on the inputs provided index of the soil, since properties. Obj Add antifoam into water and report and disperse thoroughly by circulating the mixture and with centrifuge and on... The Site/Design engineer and designed to mimic the surrounding soil conditions compounds, used to lower the freezing of..., but typically is for Design economy it was found that the calculations are suitable for their own use rpm. Cold weather to decrease grout setting time and increase the rate of strength gain O & G industry,! To the strength of the grouting operation 30 mintes of prehydration properties of grout other beneficiated bentonite peptized... Soil conditions workable long enough for placement, consolidation and reconsolidation mixes that may be adopted varying... Remember, the water to grouting powder in the O & G industry information about our latest news event... ( Huang, Citation2001 ) cement needed prior to the sand slurry requires additional mix water pea gravel smaller cement bentonite grout mix ratio. 0 obj Chemically, bentonite is considered as a guideline Slag for use in Concrete Mortars... Weighting agent and that the bleeding decreases significantly up to the weighting agent that. Cement ratio causes the viscosity of a plastic cementitious mix while maintaining high flow consistency the grouting operation between and...
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