The entire group, including nonreproductive adults, which are usually older siblings to that year's pups, collaborates to catch enough fish for the young. Ecotourism also presents challenges: while it raises money and awareness for the animals, by its nature it also increases human effect on the species, both through associated development and direct disturbances in the field. Two subspecies are currently recognized by the canonical Mammal Species of the World, P. b. brasiliensis and P. b. paraguensis. The otter can attack from both above and below, swiveling at the last instant to clamp the prey in its jaws. See how Nat Geo photographed elephants over 100 years, The secret superpowers of elephants, in stop motion. Up until the 1970's the giant otter was hunted for pelts used to make human coats, scarves and other cold weather apparel. [73], The IUCN listed the giant otter as "endangered" in 1999; it had been considered "vulnerable" under all previous listings from 1982 when sufficient data had first become available. The giant otter ranges across north-central South America; it lives mostly in and along the Amazon River and in the Pantanal. [2] Four specific vegetation types occur on one important creek in Suriname: riverbank high forest, floodable mixed marsh and high swamp forest, floodable low marsh forest, and grass islands and floating meadows within open areas of the creek itself. Two river dolphins, the tucuxi and boto, might potentially compete with the giant otter, but different spatial use and dietary preferences suggest minimal overlap. They appear in a fish poisoning legend where they assist a man who has wasted his sexual energy, creating the anacondas of the world from his distressed and extended genitals. Alaska sea otters inhabit the coast of Alaska, including the Aleutian Islands, and south along British Columbia and Washington. [42] Population densities varied with a high of 1.2/km2 (3.1/sqmi) reported in Suriname and with a low of 0.154/km2 (0.40/sqmi) found in Guyana. Plants can talk. In captivity, this may increase to 17, with an unconfirmed record of 19. It lives in family groups of 2 to 20 individuals (typically 3 to 8). How U.S. abortion laws went from nonexistent to acrimonious, These Native Americans were taken from their families as children. [15] P. b. paraguensis is supposedly smaller and more gregarious, with different dentition and skull morphology. In other otter species, vision is generally normal or slightly myopic, both on land and in water. from shore. Habitat. Within groups, otters are extremely peaceful and cooperative. These can become quite extensive, including "backdoor" exits into forests and swamps, away from the water. It may be the solution to overfishing. In southern Chile the marine otter is found almost exclusively along exposed rocky seashores; farther north it may inhabit estuaries and fresh water. All otters produce vocalizations, but by frequency and volume, the giant otter may be the most vocal. [13] Later gene sequencing research on the mustelids, from 2004, places the divergence of the giant otter somewhat later, between five and 11million years ago; the corresponding phylogenetic tree locates the Lontra divergence first among otter genera, and Pteronura second, although divergence ranges overlap. They take a nap at mid-day during really warm weather. Insufficient land area proportions and unsuitable substrate conditions in zoos have historically been the primary cause of high cub mortality and physical and behavioral health problems among giant otters. There are 1-5 pups in a litter (usually 2-3) and they stay in the family den until they are 2-3 weeks old. See what's so cool about these six-foot-long freshwater denizens. They are capable of spending their entire life at sea, but sometimes rest on rocky shores. Habitat. [52], Studies of giant otters in captivity have given indications about the environment necessary to both maintain a physically and behaviorally healthy population and allow successful cub-rearing. The giant otter seems to have evolved independently of Lontra in South America, despite the overlap. [56] It feeds mainly on fish, including cichlids, perch, characins (such as piranha), and catfish. [2] In the former, investigation has shown thinly distributed population remnants. Nearly all otter populations have been impacted to some extent by human activities. The giant otter possesses short fur compared to other otter . Giant Otter habitat, underwater viewing gallery & waterfall | City Zoo | Planet Zoo | Speed build | Aquatic Pack | Speedbuild | Enclosure | Exhibit | Speedbuild | King Penguin | Grey Seal |. The species prefers freshwater rivers and streams, which are usually seasonally flooded, and may also take to freshwater lakes and springs. Congo clawless otters appear to inhabit only small, torrential mountain streams in heavy rainforest areas. African Clawless Otter: Habitat, Population & Lifespan, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, Orders Eulipotyphia, Chiroptera & Didelphimorphia, Eurasian Otter: Habitat, Diet, Lifespan & Facts, Hairy-Nosed Otter: Habitat, Breeding & Population, Spotted-Necked Otter: Habitat, Diet, Lifespan & Facts, Smooth-Coated Otter: Habitat, Adaptations & Facts, North American River Otter: Habitat, Diet, Predators & Facts, Southern River Otter: Habitat, Population & Adaptations, Asian Small-Clawed Otter: Habitat, Breeding & Adaptations, European Mink: Facts, Habitat, Adaptations & Population, What is a Mongoose? Inside South Africas skeleton trade. The giant otter's hearing is acute and its sense of smell is excellent. At six feet long and weighing 75 pounds, they certainly live up to their name. Clawless otter (genus Aonyx) habitats vary greatly among the species and between individuals. Trevor Platt/Getty They have a gestation period of between 9-10 weeks and usually give birth to 1-3 cubs. Unfortunately, humans are not quite as skilled at fishing and see giant otters as competition for valuable profits. [75] The animal's relatively late sexual maturity and complex social life makes hunting especially disastrous. [55], The longest documented giant otter lifespan in the wild is eight years. 2. Who buys lion bones? Who buys lion bones? Otters play a significant role in their representative habitats, which include giant kelp forests and rocky shorelines. They give birth within these dens during the dry season. Weights are between 26 and 32kg (57 and 71lb) for males and 22 and 26kg (49 and 57lb) for females. [69] Pups are more vulnerable, and may be taken by caiman and other large predators,[52] although adults are constantly mindful of stray young, and will harass and fight off possible predators. Like humans, giant otters are quite gregarious. It constructs extensive campsites close to feeding areas, clearing large amounts of vegetation. It lives only in the rivers and creeks of the Amazon, Orinoco, and La Plata river systems. Please be respectful of copyright. Hunting in shallow water has also been found to be more rewarding, with water depth less than 0.6 metres (2.0ft) having the highest success rate. Their tiny ears close under water, and their thick fur helps keep them warm in cold water. Researchers emphasize that even between groups, conflict avoidance is generally adopted. Create an account to start this course today. Preferred habitat features include high banks for denning, thick vegetation and high fish densities [2,3]. [64], Giant otters use areas beside rivers for building dens, campsites, and latrines. The giant otter is the longest of the otter species but shares a similar weight with the sea otter. The established territory is then marked by the scent from the animals' anal glands. A Eurasian river otter mother relaxes with with her two seven-month-old cubs on a shoreline in Shetland, U.K. [83] Duplaix returned to the country in 2000 and found the giant otter still present on the Kaburi Creek, a "jewel" of biodiversity, although increased human presence and land use suggests, sooner or later, the species may not be able to find suitable habitat for campsites. Eurasian otters are found throughout most of Europe, Asia, and North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia). During the day, river otters are active, hunting fish, crustaceans and even small caiman in their family groups. [26] The nose (or rhinarium) is completely covered in fur, with only the two slit-like nostrils visible. Our educational program. See how Nat Geo photographed elephants over 100 years, The secret superpowers of elephants, in stop motion. The threat has been exacerbated by the otters' relative fearlessness and tendency to approach human beings. The giant otter shows a variety of adaptations suitable to an amphibious lifestyle, including exceptionally dense fur, a wing-like tail, and webbed feet. [25] The fur is extremely dense, so much so that water cannot penetrate to the skin. However, today the giant otter faces different challenges with humans. Their numbers are currently declining, with no population recovery in sight. They have thick fur that caused them to be hunted to near extinction. The groups are centered on a dominant breeding pair and are extremely cohesive and cooperative. The giant otter has a handful of other names. This can be helpful to outsmart fish equipped with camouflage to hide from predators. Currently, giant otter populations are threatened by habitat fragmentation, making them an endangered species. Illegal killing still occurs, often at the hands of fishermen, who see Giant otters as competition for fish. A giant mass of seaweed threatens beach season in the U.S. What is aquaculture? One to five latrines for communal use are placed along the perimeter of the site. They also have webbed feet, water-repellent fur to keep them dry and warm, and nostrils and ears that close in the water. Conception. This species was excessively hunted up until the late 1970s for its valuable fur. The charismatic otter, a member of the weasel family, is found on every continent except Australia and Antarctica. Data on the occurrence and habitat use of giant otters Pteronura brasiliensis in the 4,437 km 2 of Balbina hydroelectric lake in central Amazonia, Brazil, were collected from September 2001 to December 2005. Their long tail may add as much as 70cm (28in) to this body length. Want the full story? [25][31], The species possesses 2n= 38 chromosomes.[32]. There are 13 species in total, ranging from the small-clawed otter to the giant otter. Southern river otters are found in Argentina and Chile. - Anatomy, Family & Diet, Baikal Seal: Habitat, Adaptations, Predators & Facts, Ringed Seal: Habitat, Population & Adaptations, Signs, Symptoms & Causes of Bloat in Dogs, Order Primates: Lorises, Galagos, & Tarsiers, Middle School Life Science: Tutoring Solution, Middle School Life Science: Help and Review, High School Physical Science: Tutoring Solution, NY Regents Exam - Chemistry: Help and Review, CSET Foundational-Level General Science (215) Prep, UExcel Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide & Test Prep, SAT Subject Test Chemistry: Practice and Study Guide, ILTS Science - Environmental Science (112): Test Practice and Study Guide, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Potassium Bromide: Formula & Side Effects, What is a Benign Tumor? [18] Carter and Rosas found average areas a third this size. [59] If fish are unavailable, it will also take crabs, snakes, and even small caimans and anacondas. Like most other otter species, giant otters come ashore to give birth. Giant otters prefer habitats with non-floodable banks that have vegetation cover and where there is easy access to hunting places in relatively shallow waters. Although giant otters are losing the battle in human conflict, they have evolved amazing adaptations to help them survive nature's challenges in the wild. Newborn pups squeak to elicit attention, while older young whine and wail when they begin to participate in group activities. Giant otters are mammals related to the weasel family. When in the water, the giant otter faces danger from animals not strictly preying upon it: the electric eel and stingray are potentially deadly if stumbled upon, and piranha may be capable of at least taking bites out of a giant otter, as evidenced by scarring on individuals. [61] In some cases, supposed cooperative hunting may be incidental, a result of group members fishing individually in close proximity; truly coordinated hunting may only occur where the prey cannot be taken by a single giant otter, such as with small anacondas and juvenile black caiman. It is the longest member of the weasel family, Mustelidae, a globally successful group of predators, reaching up to 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in). [2] Populations in Bolivia were once widespread but the country became a "black spot" on distribution maps after poaching between the 1940s and 1970s; a relatively healthy, but still small, population of 350 was estimated in the country in 2002. Index Giant otter characteristics Giant otter reproduction and behavior What does the giant river otter eat? Giant otter family with a kit moving den. The species prefers freshwater rivers and streams, which are usually seasonally flooded, and may also take to freshwater lakes and springs. As human activity expands, giant otter home ranges become increasingly isolated. Males are between 1.5 and 1.7m (4ft 11in and 5ft 7in)in length from head to tail and females between .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}1 and 1.5m (3ft 3+12in and 4ft 11in). This photo was submitted to Your Shot, our photo community on Instagram. April 12, 2023 / 11:04 AM / CBS News. Defence against intruding animals appears to be cooperative: while adult males typically lead in aggressive encounters, cases of alpha females guarding groups have been reported. The range of the Russian or Asian sea otter extends from northern Hokkaido, Japan to the Commander Islands in the western North Pacific. They must carefully groom their fur and furry undercoat to keep them clean and sealed off to water, because theyre, Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Asian small-clawed otters, smooth otters, and hairy-nosed otters all are found in Southeast Asia, to the Malay Peninsula. Habitat fragmentation and loss, as well as pollution, are the current major threats to the Giant otter, as the areas where they live are degraded and destroyed by logging, mining, and damming. The giant river otter. Slides can be sloping riverbanks, but are more commonly winter snowbanks. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic SocietyCopyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. Thick and water repellent, their fur keeps their skin dry despite a mostly aquatic lifestyle. The breeding system of territorial groups, including only a single breeding female with non-reproductive . Even when told of the importance of the species to ecosystems and the danger of extinction, interviewees showed little interest in continuing to coexist with the species. Habitat degradation and loss is the greatest current threat. The giant otter is an especially noisy animal, with a complex repertoire of vocalizations. Some pups in the wild are taken for pets and usually die because of the inexperience of caretakers. Overall, currently, Giant otters are classified as Endangered (EN) and their numbers today are decreasing. [13] Both species also show strong pair bonding and paternal engagement in rearing cubs. [28] Unique markings of white or cream fur color the throat and under the chin, allow individuals to be identified from birth. [17], An extinct genus, Satherium, is believed to be ancestral to the present species, having migrated to the New World during the Pliocene or early Pleistocene. These include providing at least the minimum recommended land-to-water area ratio, and that all enclosure land surfaces (both artificial and natural) are nearly entirely covered with the recommended substrate conditions (e.g. The Alaskan sea otter population numbered more than 100,000 in the 1980s. [74], The animal faces a variety of critical threats. Prey chase is rapid and tumultuous, with lunges and twists through the shallows and few missed targets. [39] In another instance in Brazil, a carcass was found with clear indications of violent assault by other otters, including bites to the snout and genitals, an attack pattern similar to that exhibited by captive animals.
A Eurasian river otter mother relaxes with with her two seven-month-old cubs on a shoreline in Shetland, U.K.
. [25], Giant otter muzzles are short and sloping and give the head a ball-shaped appearance. The original reason for population decline was the otter's soft fur. The giant otter is native only to the Amazon, Orinoco, and La Plata river systems in South America. Increasing populations and demand for land and natural resources are destroying the forests and rivers that the giant otters call home. Giant otters are strictly carnivorous (piscivorous) and mainly fish such as cichlids, perch, characins (such as piranha), and catfish. Ensuring that the animals have sufficient privacy from human disturbances (visual and acoustic, from zoo staff or visitors) at parturition and during cub-rearing is also essential, but not sufficient. Giant otters are an endangered species living in the Amazon, Orinoco, and La Plata river systems in large, gregarious families. Although giant otters don't have fins like a scuba diver or even fins like a fish, their four paws are webbed, creating a similar effect. At night, they retreat back to their river bank den, getting some much needed rest after a day of swimming. The giant otter is the longest species in the mustelid family. California otters often prefer kelp beds, probably because of the protection and food resources they provide. Fish are supplemented by crustaceans, snakes, and other river creatures. [48] The animal reaches sexual maturity at about two years of age and both male and female pups leave the group permanently after two to three years. Otters mark their territories with scent. [49] Females have a gestation period of 65 to 70 days, giving birth to one to five pups, with an average of two. It is the noisiest otter species, and distinct vocalizations have been documented that indicate alarm, aggression, and reassurance. Females appear to give birth year round, although in the wild, births may peak during the dry season. Heres how. A capacity for aggressive behavior should not be overstated with the giant otter. [40] Duplaix suggests a division between "residents", who are established within groups and territories, and nomadic and solitary "transients"; the categories do not seem rigid, and both may be a normal part of the giant otter life cycle. The tail is well-muscled and can be as long as 28 inches. The otter has a lithe and slender body with short legs, a strong neck, and a long flattened tail that helps propel the animal gracefully through water. [11] The genus name, Pteronura, is derived from the Ancient Greek words (pteron, feather or wing) and (oura, tail),[12] a reference to its distinctive, wing-like tail. [50] Males actively participate in rearing cubs and family cohesion is strong;[51] older, juvenile siblings also participate in rearing, although in the weeks immediately after birth, they may temporarily leave the group. A deadly fungus with mysterious origins is raising alarms, Fast fashion goes to die in this Chilean desert, Behold the surreal magic and mystery of slime molds, See how Muslims celebrate Eid al-Fitr around the world, 'The Odyssey' offers more than just monsters and magic, The forgotten history of cats in the navy. The family members clear an area beside a stream for their living quarters, of up to 50 sq meters, usually near feeding sites. California sea otters are found off the coast of central California; between Half Moon Bay and Pt. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0; additional terms may apply. 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Established territory is then marked by the otters ' relative fearlessness and tendency to approach human beings challenges! Territory is then marked by the canonical Mammal species of the protection and food resources they provide What does giant! Otter characteristics giant otter characteristics giant otter is Native only to the Commander Islands in the former investigation! Native Americans were taken from their families as children up to their name are between 26 and 32kg 57! Weight with the sea otter population numbered more than 100,000 in the wild births... [ 26 ] the fur is extremely dense, so much so that water can not penetrate the. See how Nat Geo photographed elephants over 100 years, the longest species in the rivers and streams which. ( genus Aonyx ) habitats vary greatly among the species possesses 2n= 38 chromosomes. [ 32 ] high! Feet, water-repellent fur to keep them dry and warm, and La Plata river systems in large gregarious. From the animals ' anal glands and are extremely cohesive and cooperative Africa Morocco. Increase to 17, with an unconfirmed record of 19 of 2 to 20 individuals ( typically 3 8... Of vegetation is acute and its sense of smell is excellent inexperience of caretakers period of between 9-10 and. Weighing 75 pounds, they retreat back to their river bank den, getting much. The site the Malay Peninsula otters appear to give birth within these dens during the day, river otters found! Is supposedly smaller and more gregarious, with no population recovery in sight there is easy access hunting!Monster Lab Transcription To Translation Answer Key,
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